Consenso chileno de diagnóstico y manejo de neoplasias quísticas pancreáticas. Club de páncreas Chile-SCHGE

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN) are frequently detected on abdominal images performed for non-pancreatic indications. Their prevalence in asymptomatic population ranges from 2.7 to 24.8%, and increases with age. There are several types of pancreatic cysts. Some may contain cancer or have malignant potential, such as mucinous cystic neoplasms, including mucinous cystadenoma (MCN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). In contrast, others are benign, such as serous cystadenoma (SCA). However, even those cysts with malignant potential rarely progress to cancer. Currently, the only treatment for pancreatic cysts is surgery, which is associated with high morbidity and occasional mortality. The Board of the Chilean Pancreas Club of the Chilean Gastroenterology Society developed the first Chilean multidisciplinary consensus for diagnosis, management, and surveillance of PCN. Thirty experts were invited and answered 21 statements with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree. A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers "fully agree" and "partially agree" was reached. The consensus was approved by the Board of Directors of the Chilean Pancreas Club for publication.

[Chilean consensus on diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms]. / Consenso chileno de diagnóstico y manejo de neoplasias quísticas pancreáticas. Club de páncreas Chile-SCHGE.

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN) are frequently detected on abdominal images performed for non-pancreatic indications. Their prevalence in asymptomatic population ranges from 2.7 to 24.8%, and increases with age. There are several types of pancreatic cysts. Some may contain cancer or have malignant potential, such as mucinous cystic neoplasms, including mucinous cystadenoma (MCN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). In contrast, others are benign, such as serous cystadenoma (SCA). However, even those cysts with malignant potential rarely progress to cancer. Currently, the only treatment for pancreatic cysts is surgery, which is associated with high morbidity and occasional mortality. The Board of the Chilean Pancreas Club of the Chilean Gastroenterology Society developed the first Chilean multidisciplinary consensus for diagnosis, management, and surveillance of PCN. Thirty experts were invited and answered 21 statements with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree. A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers "fully agree" and "partially agree" was reached. The consensus was approved by the Board of Directors of the Chilean Pancreas Club for publication.

Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces hospital stay in mild gallstone pancreatitis. A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Two strategies for same-admission cholecystectomy in mild gallstone pancreatitis (MGP) exist: early surgery (within 48-72 h from admission) and delayed surgery until resolution of symptoms and normalization of pancreatic tests. METHODS: This was a single-center, open-label RCT. Patients with MGP according to revised Atlanta classification-2012 and SIRS criteria were randomly assigned to early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (E-LC) within 72 h from admission or delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (D-LC). Laparoscopic-endoscopic rendezvous was performed when common bile duct stones were found at systematic intraoperative cholangiography. The primary outcome was length of stay (LOS), and the secondary outcomes were complications at 90 days, need for ERCP/choledocolithiasis, conversion, and re-admission. One year of follow-up was carried-on. RESULTS: At interim analysis, 52 patients were randomized (26 E-LC, 26 D-LC). E-LC versus D-LC was associated with a significantly shorter LOS (median 58 versus 167 h; P = 0.001). There were no differences in ERCP necessity for choledocolithiasis between the two approaches (E-LC 26.9% versus D-LC 23.1%, P = 1.00). No differences in postoperative complications were found. CONCLUSIONS: E-LC approach in patients with MGP significantly reduced LOS and was not associated with clinically relevant postoperative complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02590978).

[Acute pancreatitis due to hypercalcemia during pregnancy. Report of one case]. / Pancreatitis aguda por hipercalcemia en el embarazo. Caso clínico.

Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is uncommon and usually associated with gallstones. However other etiologies must be considered. We report a 24 years old woman with a 32 weeks pregnancy consulting for abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. She had elevated lipase and amylase levels, a corrected serum calcium of 13.1 mg/dl and a serum phosphate of 1.6 mg/dl. A magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography showed an enlarged pancreas with inflammatory changes and a normal Wirsung duct. A parathyroid nodule was found on cervical ultrasonography. The patient was treated initially with cinacalcet with partial response. A parathyroidectomy was performed at 39 weeks of pregnancy with a good maternal and fetal evolution.

Pancreatitis aguda por hipercalcemia en el embarazo: caso clínico / Acute pancreatitis due to hypercalcemia during pregnancy: report of one case

Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is uncommon and usually associated with gallstones. However other etiologies must be considered. We report a 24 years old woman with a 32 weeks pregnancy consulting for abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. She had elevated lipase and amylase levels, a corrected serum calcium of 13.1 mg/dl and a serum phosphate of 1.6 mg/dl. A magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography showed an enlarged pancreas with inflammatory changes and a normal Wirsung duct. A parathyroid nodule was found on cervical ultrasonography. The patient was treated initially with cinacalcet with partial response. A parathyroidectomy was performed at 39 weeks of pregnancy with a good maternal and fetal evolution.

Severe novel H1N1 influenza A infection in the immediate postoperative period of a liver transplant patient.

In 2009, the World Health Organization recognized the novel H1N1 influenza A virus as a pandemic infection. Since April 2009, thousands of cases of novel H1N1 influenza A infection have been reported worldwide, and they have resulted in thousands of deaths. South American countries were affected by this infection during their winter season, and Chile presented one of the highest incidence rates. We have recently managed a liver transplant patient who presented with a severe novel H1N1 influenza A infection in the early postoperative period and required prolonged mechanical ventilation. The early suspicion of this infection during the current pandemic influenza in Chile made possible a timely treatment with oseltamivir. We decided to report this case because no other cases of liver transplant patients affected by H1N1 influenza A have been reported so far. We intend to alert clinicians about this potentially devastating viral infection in view of the current pandemic scenario, and here we review some of the recommendations for its prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and possible complications.

Infección respiratoria aguda baja del niño en atención primaria / Lower respiratory tract infection in children attending primary health care centers

El síndrome bronquial obstructivo (SBO) y las neumonías (N) son afecciones frecuentes en los niños, motivan la mayor cantidad de consultas en atención primaria y pueden originar hospitalizaciones, predisponer a enfermedades crónicas e incluso producir la muerte del menor. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer el comportamiento del SBO y N en el niño entre los 0 y 14 años de edad. Se determina en cada niño la frecuencia de episodios, consultas, hospitalizaciones, días de hospitalización, calculando el riesgo de enfermar por edad y sexo en 475 menores de 15 años beneficiarios de un consultorio del área norte de Santiago. Ellos consultaron al menos una vez por estas causas entre abril y julio de 1999 y se observaron durante ocho meses, siendo tratados según las normas ministeriales vigentes. Para obtener la información se adhirió un cuestionario a la ficha del niño en la primera consulta. Resultados: la tasa de enfermedad fue de 26,9 cada 100 meses-niño observación. Esta disminuye de 38 por ciento en menores de un año a 29,5 por ciento entre los 1 y 2 años, 23 por ciento en preescolares y alrededor de 20 por ciento en los escolares. El 60,2 por ciento de los niños presentó solo SBO, 29,7 por ciento N y el resto ambas. El 61,7 por ciento de los niños tuvieron 1 ó 2 episodios; el máximo de episodios fue 14. El 69,3 por ciento de los niños estuvo enfermo entre 3 y 15 días; la mediana de consultas fue de 3,8, el máximo 22. Requirieron hospitalización 5,2 por ciento de los niños. Los riesgos de enfermar son significativamente mayores en los varones y en los menores de un año. Se destaca que en más de la mitad de los hogares de estos niños se fuma dentro de la casa. Con los resultados de este estudio se pretende dar a conocer el comportamiento del SBO y N en el niño de 0 a 14 años, en cuanto a riesgos y consultas. Se demuestra que estas enfermedades son importantes en todos los grupos de edad, aunque su magnitud es diferente